Best Practices for Safe Use of Electrical Appliances

Electrical accidents are more common than you might expect. According to Electrical Safety First, there are about 19,300 accidental domestic fires in the UK each year with an electrical-related cause, whether due to faulty leads or misuse of appliances. 

Electrical safety is crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring the longevity of appliances. Electrical accidents can result in:

• Electrical shocks – improper handling or faulty wiring can result in electrical shocks, which can cause severe injury or even death.
• Burns – electrical faults can lead to burns if appliances overheat or short circuit.
• Fires – faulty electrical appliances or wiring are a major cause of residential and commercial fires. Ensuring electrical safety can prevent these catastrophic events.

Regular maintenance and correct usage of electrical appliances prevent wear and tear, extending their lifespan. Ensuring circuits are not overloaded helps in maintaining the efficiency and durability of electrical appliances.

The common risks associated with electrical appliances include:

• Overloading – plugging too many devices into a single outlet can cause overheating and increase the risk of electrical fires.
• Short circuits – faulty wiring or damaged insulation can lead to short circuits, causing sparks, fires or damage to the appliance.
• Water exposure – water conducts electricity, and exposure can result in severe electrical shocks or damage to the appliance.
• Damaged cords and wires – frayed or damaged cords are a common risk, as they can expose live wires and cause shocks or fires.
• Improper grounding – appliances that are not properly grounded can lead to electrical shocks. Grounding provides a safe path for electricity to travel back to the ground.
• Misuse of extension cords – using extension cords as permanent wiring solutions can lead to overheating and increased fire risk. They should be used only temporarily and with the correct load capacity.

Prioritising electrical safety is essential for protecting lives and property. Understanding the common risks associated with electrical appliances and taking preventative measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of accidents and extend the useful life of electrical equipment. Regular inspections, proper usage and adherence to safety standards are key practices in maintaining a safe electrical environment.

General Safety Tips

Proper Usage

Proper usage of electrical appliances involves following safety guidelines, maintenance practices and operational instructions to ensure efficiency, longevity and safety. Here are some key points:

• Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety guidelines provided in the user manual.
• Ensure the appliance is compatible with the voltage in your home or workplace.
• Operate electrical appliances with dry hands to prevent electric shocks.
• Keep appliances away from water unless they are designed to be used near it, e.g. kitchen appliances.
• Unplug appliances when they are not in use to prevent potential hazards.
• Check appliances regularly for any signs of wear, damage or malfunction.
• Have damaged appliances repaired by qualified professionals. Do not attempt to repair them yourself unless you are qualified.
• Do not overload electrical outlets, as this can cause overheating and fires.
• Use extension cords rated for the appliance’s power requirements and avoid using them permanently.
• Keep appliances out of reach of children and use safety covers on outlets.

Some specific appliance usage advice includes:

• Microwave ovens – do not operate empty. Avoid metal objects inside the microwave.
• Toasters – keep away from curtains and other flammable materials. Regularly clean out crumbs.
• Refrigerators – maintain proper ventilation around the unit and defrost regularly if not frost-free.
• Dishwashers – use only detergents designed for dishwashers. Regularly clean the filter.
• Washing machines – do not overload. Use appropriate detergent amounts.
• Dryers – clean the lint filter after each use and avoid overloading.
• Space heaters – keep at least three feet away from flammable materials. Do not leave unattended.
• Electric blankets – do not fold or bunch. Follow washing instructions carefully.
• Televisions and computers – ensure proper ventilation to prevent overheating. Use surge protectors to protect against power surges.
• Chargers – use chargers specifically designed for your device. Unplug when fully charged to avoid overheating.
• Vacuum cleaners – empty the dust bag or container regularly. Check hoses and filters for blockages.
• Electric mops – follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for cleaning and maintenance. Use recommended cleaning solutions.

Maintenance practices include keeping appliances clean to ensure they function efficiently and last longer. Store appliances in a dry, cool place when not in use. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures. Periodically check cords, plugs and other components for damage. Replace filters in air purifiers, vacuums and other appliances as recommended by the manufacturer. Have appliances serviced by professionals at regular intervals as recommended. By following these guidelines, you can ensure the safe, efficient and long-lasting operation of your electrical appliances.

Inspection Before Use

Inspecting electrical appliances before use is crucial for safety and ensuring proper functionality. You should:

• Look for any visible damage such as fraying, cuts or exposed wires.
• Ensure that the plug is not damaged and fits securely into the outlet.
• Examine the appliance’s body for cracks, dents or other signs of physical damage.
• Ensure that all connections are secure and there are no loose parts. For appliances with detachable parts, make sure they are properly attached.
• Check for any warning labels or instructions from the manufacturer.
• Ensure the appliance’s voltage rating matches the outlet voltage.
• Turn on the appliance to see if it operates correctly without unusual noises, sparks or excessive heat.
• Test all functions and settings to ensure they work as intended.
• Make sure that appliances with a grounding prong have it intact. Verify that your outlets are properly grounded.
• Ensure the appliance is clean and free of dust or debris, especially around vents and fans.
• Test safety features such as automatic shutoff, temperature controls and emergency stop mechanisms, if applicable.

Electrical Overloads

Electrical overloads occur when the current flowing through an electrical circuit exceeds the circuit’s design capacity. This situation can lead to overheating, damage to electrical components, and potentially cause fires if not addressed promptly. 

The causes of electrical overloads include:

• Plugging in too many electrical devices into one outlet or circuit can draw more current than the circuit is rated for.
• Damaged or deteriorating wires can reduce the circuit’s ability to handle normal loads, leading to overloads.
• Using wires or circuit breakers that are not rated for the current they carry can cause overloads.
• A short circuit, where electricity takes an unintended path, can result in an excessive current draw.
• Older electrical systems may not be designed to handle modern electrical loads.

The signs of electrical overloads include:

• Breakers tripping or fuses blowing frequently indicate an overload.
• Lights dimming when additional devices are turned on can be a sign of an overloaded circuit.
• Unusual sounds from outlets or switches might signal an overload.
• A burning odour or scorch marks near outlets or switches suggest overheating due to overload.
• Outlets, switches or cords that are warm or hot to the touch indicate an overload.

You can prevent electrical overloads by:

• Spreading out electrical devices across multiple circuits rather than concentrating them in one.
• Ensuring that the electrical system meets the current demands, which may involve upgrading wiring, circuit breakers or panels.
• Using surge protectors can help manage loads and protect against overloads.
• Ensuring periodic inspection of wiring and electrical components to ensure they are in good condition.
• Following local electrical codes and standards for safe electrical installations.

You should respond to electrical overloads by:

• Immediately switching off the power at the circuit breaker if an overload is suspected.
• Unplug all devices connected to the overloaded circuit.
• Inspect for any signs of damage such as scorched outlets or melted wires
• Hire a licensed electrician to assess and repair the electrical system if necessary.

By being aware of the causes and signs of electrical overloads, as well as implementing preventative measures, you can maintain a safe and reliable electrical system in your home or workplace.

Water and Electricity

Combining water and electricity is extremely dangerous due to the conductive properties of water and the potential for electric shock, burns and fire. 

Water is an excellent conductor of electricity, especially when it contains impurities like minerals and salts. When water comes into contact with an electrical source, it can carry the electric current to any person in contact with the water, leading to electric shock. Electric shocks can range from mild tingling sensations to severe injuries or even death, depending on the voltage and current involved. High-voltage shocks can cause cardiac arrest or severe burns.

Electrocution occurs when an electric current passes through the body, causing severe injury or death. This is a significant risk in wet environments where electrical devices are present.

Electric currents passing through water can generate heat, potentially causing burns to the skin and underlying tissues. These can occur at the point of contact with the electrical source, leading to serious injury. Water can cause electrical circuits to short out, potentially leading to sparks and fires. This is particularly dangerous in homes and industrial settings where flammable materials might be present. Water exposure can damage electrical wiring, increasing the risk of fire even after the initial exposure.

Water can cause electrical devices to malfunction, potentially leading to dangerous situations. For example, a wet appliance might not turn off properly, posing a continuous risk. Water exposure can lead to corrosion of electrical components, compromising their safety and functionality.

There are things you can do to avoid these dangers, including:

• Avoid using electrical appliances near sinks, bathtubs, pools, or any other sources of water.
• Always ensure your hands and feet are dry before touching electrical devices or switches.
• When cleaning electrical appliances, make sure they are unplugged to prevent accidental shock.
• Teach children about the dangers of electricity and water, and supervise them closely around both.
• Ensure that electrical systems and appliances are regularly inspected and maintained to prevent water-related hazards.
• Know how to cut off electricity in your home or workplace in case of an emergency involving water.

Understanding these dangers and taking appropriate precautions can significantly reduce the risk of accidents involving water and electricity.

Maintenance and Upkeep

Regular Cleaning

Maintaining and cleaning electrical appliances is crucial for their longevity and efficiency. Here are some general guidelines for different types of appliances:

• Always unplug the appliance before cleaning to avoid electric shocks.
• Avoid using harsh chemicals that can damage the appliance. Use mild detergents or cleaners recommended by the manufacturer.
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for maintenance and cleaning specific to the appliance.
• Check for wear and tear, loose wires or any signs of damage.

Electrical appliances will need to be cleaned regularly and safely:

• Refrigerator – wipe down the exterior with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Clean the interior shelves and compartments regularly. Check the door seals for any cracks and ensure they are sealing properly. Vacuum the condenser coils every six months.
• Oven/Stove – clean spills immediately to prevent them from hardening. Use an oven cleaner or a mixture of baking soda and water for stubborn stains. Check the burners and heating elements regularly for functionality. Replace any damaged parts.
• Microwave – wipe the interior with a damp cloth after each use. Use a microwave-safe bowl with water and lemon juice to steam-clean the interior. Ensure the door seals properly. Check the turntable for smooth operation.
• Dishwasher – remove and clean the filter regularly. Wipe down the door and gaskets. Run a cleaning cycle with vinegar or a dishwasher cleaner once a month.
• Washing machine – clean the detergent drawer and drum regularly. Run an empty cycle with hot water and vinegar to remove build-up. Check hoses for leaks and replace them every 3-5 years. Ensure the machine is level to prevent vibrations.
• Dryer – clean the lint filter after every use. Vacuum the exhaust vent regularly. Check the venting system for blockages. Ensure proper ventilation to prevent overheating.
• Coffee maker – wash the removable parts after each use. Run a cycle with vinegar and water to descale. Replace the water filter as recommended by the manufacturer.
• Blender – disassemble and wash the parts after each use. Be careful with the blades. Check the seals and replace them if they show signs of wear.
• Toaster – unplug and shake out crumbs. Use a brush to clean the interior. Check the cord for any damage and replace it if necessary.
• Air conditioner – clean or replace the filter monthly. Wipe down the exterior and vacuum the vents. Have a professional check the system annually. Ensure the outdoor unit is free of debris.
• Heater/Furnace – replace the filter regularly. Clean the vents and ducts. Have the system inspected annually. Check for any signs of wear or damage.
• TVs and monitors – use a microfibre cloth to clean the screen. Avoid using liquids directly on the screen. Ensure proper ventilation and avoid blocking vents.
• Computers and laptops – use compressed air to clean the keyboard and vents. Wipe the screen with a microfibre cloth. Regularly update software and check for any hardware issues.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your electrical appliances remain in good working condition and have a longer lifespan.

Cord and Plug Care

Taking proper care of the cords and plugs for electrical items is crucial for ensuring safety and prolonging the lifespan of your devices. Here are some guidelines to follow:

• Regular inspections – frequently check cords and plugs for signs of wear, fraying or damage.
• Look for any exposed wires or loose connections.
• Always hold the plug, not the cord, when unplugging an item to prevent stress on the wires.
• Ensure plugs are fully inserted into outlets to prevent partial connections that can cause overheating.
• Do not plug too many devices into one outlet or power strip to prevent overheating and potential fire hazards.
• Use surge protectors to safeguard against voltage spikes.
• Use cord organisers to prevent tangling and damage.
• Keep cords away from high-traffic areas to avoid tripping hazards and damage.
• Store cords neatly when not in use, coiling them without sharp bends or twist
• Avoid wrapping cords tightly around objects, as this can cause internal damage.
• Keep cords and plugs away from water and other liquids.
• For outdoor use, ensure cords and plugs are rated for outdoor conditions and are protected from rain and extreme weather

Scheduled Maintenance

Maintaining electrical appliances properly ensures they operate efficiently and have a longer lifespan. 

Always refer to the manufacturer’s manual for specific maintenance instructions. Follow all safety precautions and only use appliances for their intended purpose and avoid misuse. 

Safe Installation Practices

Professional Installation

Having electrical appliances installed and serviced by a professional is essential for several reasons:

• Professionals are trained to handle electrical components safely, reducing the risk of electric shock.
• Improper servicing can lead to electrical fires. Professionals know how to prevent such risks.
• Professionals can accurately diagnose problems and ensure they are fixed correctly.
• They have the technical know-how to handle complex electrical systems and components
• Professionals are familiar with local electrical codes and standards, ensuring that any work done is compliant with legal requirements.
• Some insurance policies require that electrical work be performed by licensed professionals to maintain coverage.
• Regular professional servicing can extend the life of your appliances.
• Professionals can ensure that appliances are operating at their best efficiency, saving energy and reducing costs.
• Many appliance warranties require that servicing be performed by authorised professionals to remain valid.
• Professionals have access to and are trained to use specialised tools that might not be available to the average homeowner.
• Professionals can identify and fix potential issues before they become major problems.
• They can also recommend and install upgrades that improve performance or efficiency.

Knowing that a professional has serviced your appliance can provide peace of mind that the job was done correctly and safely.

Correct Placement

Correct placement of electrical items is crucial for several reasons, spanning safety, functionality, efficiency and aesthetics. Here are the key points highlighting the importance:

• Fire prevention – proper placement helps in preventing potential fire hazards. Overloading outlets or placing electrical items near flammable materials can lead to dangerous situations.
• Avoiding water contact – electrical items should be kept away from water sources to prevent electrocution and short circuits.
• Ventilation – ensuring adequate ventilation around electrical items prevents overheating, reducing the risk of fire and extending the life of the equipment.
• Optimal performance – placing electrical items in appropriate locations ensures they function as intended. For instance, Wi-Fi routers work best when placed centrally in a home.
• Ease of access – proper placement allows easy access to outlets and controls, improving the usability of electrical devices.
• Energy conservation – correct placement can help in reducing energy consumption. For example, placing thermostats away from direct sunlight ensures accurate temperature readings and efficient HVAC system operation.
• Reduced wear and tear – proper placement minimises the risk of damage to electrical items, ensuring they last longer and perform better.
• Clutter reduction – thoughtful placement helps in managing cables and reducing clutter, creating a cleaner and more organised space.
• Integration with interior design – well-placed electrical items can complement the design and layout of a room, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal.
• Adherence to building codes – proper placement is often mandated by building codes and regulations, ensuring that installations meet safety and performance standards.
• Manufacturer guidelines – following manufacturers’ placement recommendations is essential for the safe and effective operation of electrical items.
• Accessibility – strategically placing electrical items in convenient locations improves user comfort and accessibility, e.g. placing light switches near room entrances.
• Reduced trip hazards – proper placement of cords and electrical items can reduce the risk of tripping and other accidents.

The correct placement of electrical items is essential for ensuring safety, optimising functionality, improving energy efficiency, maintaining aesthetic appeal, complying with regulations, and enhancing overall convenience and comfort.

Emergency Procedures

What to Do in Case of Electrical Shock

An electric shock occurs when a person comes into contact with an electrical current, which can flow through the body. The severity of an electric shock depends on various factors, including the voltage of the electricity, the path it takes through the body, and the duration of contact.

Electric shocks can range from minor, causing a brief tingling sensation, to severe, resulting in serious injuries or even death. The current can interfere with the body’s electrical signals, potentially disrupting heart rhythm, damaging tissues or causing burns.

If someone receives an electric shock, it’s important to act quickly and carefully. Here’s a step-by-step guide on what to do:

• Make sure the source of electricity is turned off or disconnected before approaching the victim. Do not touch the person if they are still in contact with the electrical source.
• Call 999 immediately to get professional medical help.
• Once it is safe, check if the person is conscious and breathing. If they are not breathing or do not have a pulse, begin CPR and continue until professional help arrives.
• If the person is conscious, keep them calm and still. Avoid moving them unless absolutely necessary. Keep an eye on their condition while waiting for medical professionals.
• Even if the person appears fine, they should seek medical attention. Electric shocks can cause internal injuries that might not be immediately apparent.
• Don’t use metal objects to remove the person from the electrical source. Don’t apply ice, burn ointments, or any home remedies to the injured area.

Handling Electrical Fires

Handling electrical fires requires careful attention to safety and proper procedures. Here’s a guide on how to manage them:

• If it’s safe to do so, turn off the electricity at the main circuit breaker or fuse box. This will help prevent further electrical hazards.
• Electrical fires should be dealt with using a Class C fire extinguisher. If you don’t have one, a Class ABC extinguisher is also suitable. Never use water, as it can conduct electricity and make the fire worse
• If the fire is spreading or you’re unsure of how to handle it, evacuate everyone from the building immediately.
• Even if the fire seems small, it’s important to call the fire service. They can ensure that the fire is fully extinguished and check for any potential hazards.
• Water can spread electrical fires or cause electrical shock. Avoid using it for any fire involving electrical equipment.
• Do not use or touch any electrical equipment if you suspect it’s involved in the fire. This could increase the risk of shock.
• After the fire is out, have a qualified electrician inspect the wiring and any damaged equipment before using it again.
• Know the fire safety guidelines for your home or workplace, and ensure that all fire extinguishers are in working order and easily accessible.

Preventing electrical fires starts with proper maintenance and safety practices, such as not overloading circuits, regularly checking electrical appliances, and ensuring that all wiring is up to code.

Reporting and Repairing Faulty Appliances

If you know or suspect that an electrical appliance is faulty, you should follow these steps:

• Check for common signs of faults on electrical items such as unusual noises, excessive heat, sparks or inconsistent performance.
• Ensure the fault is not due to external factors like power surges or incorrect usage.
• Unplug the appliance immediately to prevent any risk of electrical shock or fire.
• Review the warranty or guarantee provided with the appliance. Most new appliances come with a manufacturer’s warranty, ranging from one to five years.
• Report the issue to the retailer where you purchased the appliance. Provide details such as the date of purchase, the nature of the fault, and any steps you have already taken.
• If the retailer directs you to the manufacturer, contact them with the same information. Most manufacturers have dedicated customer service lines for handling such issues.
• Keep a record of all communications with the retailer or manufacturer, including dates, names of representatives spoken to, and summaries of discussions.

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, you have the right to a repair, replacement or refund if the appliance is faulty. Within 30 days of purchase, you are entitled to a full refund if the item is faulty. Between 30 days and six months, the retailer must offer a repair or replacement. If the repair or replacement is unsuccessful, you are entitled to a refund. After six months, the onus is on you to prove the appliance was faulty at the time of purchase.

If a replacement is agreed upon, the retailer or manufacturer should arrange for the faulty appliance to be collected and the new one delivered. The replacement should be of equivalent specification and quality.

For safety, ensure the faulty appliance is properly disposed of. Most local councils in the UK offer collection services for large electrical items. Alternatively, the retailer might provide disposal services for the faulty appliance when delivering the replacement.

If you believe the fault is due to a safety issue that could affect others, report it to Trading Standards. They can investigate and, if necessary, take action against the retailer or manufacturer. Check if the faulty appliance is subject to a product recall by visiting the official UK recall website or contacting the manufacturer. If a recall is in place, follow the provided instructions.

Citizens Advice Bureau offer guidance on consumer rights and dispute resolution.

Electrical Safety First offer advice on electrical safety and dealing with faulty appliances.

Please see the specific manufacturer websites for specific contact details and warranty information.

Local council websites will offer information on appliance disposal services.

By following these steps, you can ensure that you handle faulty electrical appliances in a safe and legally compliant manner in the UK.

Additional Considerations

Child and Pet Safety

Ensuring child and pet safety with electrical appliances is crucial to prevent accidents and injuries. Here are some detailed guidelines and tips:

• Keep electrical cords out of reach and securely fastened. Use cord organisers to minimise the risk of tripping and chewing by pets.
• Unplug appliances when they are not in use to prevent accidental activation and electrical hazards.
• Install childproof locks on appliance doors, such as ovens, microwaves and refrigerators.
• Ensure pets cannot access cords or appliances that may be tempting to chew on or play with.
• Use stove knob covers to prevent children from turning on burners. Install an oven lock to prevent children and pets from opening it.
• Place microwaves out of reach or in cabinets with childproof locks. Teach children the proper way to use a microwave and supervise their usage.
• Store appliances like toasters, blenders and coffee makers unplugged and out of reach when not in use.
• Keep the doors of washing machines and dryers closed when not in use. Consider using appliance locks.
• Store power tools in locked cabinets and unplug them when not in use. Never leave them unattended while plugged in.

You should teach children about the dangers of electricity and the importance of not playing with cords or appliances. Always supervise young children and pets around electrical appliances.

You should learn basic first aid for electrical burns and shocks. Keep emergency contact numbers handy and ensure all caregivers are aware of them. Have smoke detectors installed and regularly checked. 

Some people still use plug safety covers which are inserted into the plug in order to cover the socket. However, these are not considered to be safe and should not be used. UK electric sockets are considered to be the safest in the world. They have a safety orientated shutter mechanism inside the socket, which prevents your fingers from reaching any live wires. The shutter mechanism prevents anything except a plug from reaching anything live and the plug covers are actually considered to carry more risks than leaving a plug socket completely empty when not in use.

For further reading about safe environments for children, please see our knowledge base.  

Upgrading and Replacing Appliances

Upgrading and replacing electrical appliances can be a significant task, but it offers benefits such as improved energy efficiency, enhanced functionality, and potential cost savings on utility bills. 

Appliances typically have a lifespan; for example, refrigerators last about 10-15 years, while water heaters last about 8-12 years. Consider if the appliance is still performing efficiently and meeting your needs.

Older appliances may consume more energy. Compare the energy usage of your current appliances with newer models.

Identify the features that are important to you, such as smart technology, capacity, dimensions and functionality.

Read reviews and ratings to gauge reliability and customer satisfaction before replacing, and recycle old appliances through local recycling programmes. Some retailers offer recycling programmes for old appliances.

Conclusion

Adhering to best practices for the safe use of electrical appliances is essential to prevent accidents, injuries and property damage. By understanding and implementing these guidelines, users can minimise risks associated with electrical hazards. 

Key practices include regular maintenance, proper usage and awareness of safety features. Ensuring appliances are correctly installed and used according to the manufacturer’s instructions significantly reduces the likelihood of electrical fires and shocks. Additionally, staying informed about the latest safety standards and conducting periodic safety checks can further enhance protection. 

By prioritising safety, individuals and households can enjoy the benefits of electrical appliances while safeguarding their well-being and property.